Nigeria CDC/Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme 2^nd Annual Scientific Conference (Abuja, 2017)

Antimicrobial use and resistance in Nigeria: situation analysis and recommendations, 2017

Pan African Medical Journal - Conference Proceedings. 2018:8(2).21 Mar 2018.
doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2018.8.2.701

Archived on: 21 Mar 2018

Contact the corresponding author

Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, Nigeria, epidemiologic determinants, inappropriate prescribing

Opening ceremony

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Antimicrobial use and resistance in Nigeria: situation analysis and recommendations, 2017

Abiodun Egwuenu^1,&, Joshua Obasanya¹, Iruka Okeke², Oladipo Aboderin³, Adebola Olayinka⁴, Dooshima Kwange⁵, Abiodun Ogunniyi¹, Estelle Mbadiwe⁶, Love Omoniyei⁶, Hamzat Omotayo⁷, Mercy Niyang⁸, Fatima Abba¹, Frank Kudla⁹, AMR-TWG¹⁰, Chikwe Ihekweazu¹

¹Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria, ²Global Antibiotic Resistance Partnership, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria, ³Obafemi Awolowo University/Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, ⁴Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria, ⁵Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Nigeria, ⁶Global Antibiotic Resistance Partnership, Nigeria ⁷World Health Organization, Nigeria, ⁸University of Maryland, Baltimore, United states, ⁹Federal Ministry of Environment, Abuja, Nigeria, ¹⁰Antimicrobial Resistance Technical Working Group, Nigeria

^&Corresponding author
Abiodun Egwuenu, Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: it is projected that by 2050, 40% of 10 million deaths from Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) will occur in Africa. Understanding the AMR situation in Nigeria will provide an excellent case study of the challenges faced by low-income countries.

Methods: the information was derived from review of reports, programmatic data and documents, literature search, key informant interviews and a series of systematic reviews. Data was entered into purpose-built templates and synthesized thematically.

Results: in Nigeria, the ratio of licensed pharmacies to over-the-counter medicine stores was 15 to 1 in 2016. A systematic review determined that median prevalence of persons using antibiotics without prescription to be 46.8%. In animals, antibiotics such as tetracyclines constituted over 80% of antimicrobials sold or used in 2014 and 2015. Antibiotic resistance was documented in humans, to drugs recommended by the country’s treatment guidelines for commonly occurring infections such as cholera and cerebrospinal meningitis. Majority of the studies documented recovery E. coli, non-typhoidal Salmonella and antibiotic residues from livestock, pets and animal products, most commonly in poultry. The drivers of AMR included unregulated antibiotic sales, proliferation of unlicensed medicine stores, shortage of licensed prescribers, poor AMR awareness and use of antibiotics in animals without prescription.

Conclusion: we recommend that the government enforce regulations on antibiotic sales of antibiotics to humans and animals and increase awareness on AMR in Nigerian communities. Identified gaps from the situation analysis were used to develop a National Action Plan for AMR.