Conference abstract
Hyperglycaemia is associated with COVID-19 poor outcome even without diabetes: a retrospective cohort study in Douala General Hospital, Cameroon
Pan African Medical Journal - Conference Proceedings. 2023:16(2).15
Mar 2023.
doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2023.16.2.1857
Archived on: 15 Mar 2023
Contact the corresponding author
Keywords: COVID-19, diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, outcomes, mortality
Oral presentation
Hyperglycaemia is associated with COVID-19 poor outcome even without diabetes: a retrospective cohort study in Douala General Hospital, Cameroon
Fernando Kemta Lekpa1,2,&, Ingrid Angeline Leila Avezo’o Libon3, Charles Lebon Mbele Onana1, Bertrand Hugo Mbatchou Ngahane1, Marie Patrice Halle1, Siméon Pierre Choukem1,2,3
1Internal Medicine Department, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon, 2Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon, 3Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Cameroon
&Corresponding author
Introduction: Hyperglycemia in diabetic patients or not has been associated with poorer Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. Few studies have been done in sub-Saharan Africa to ascertain the prevalence and association between hyperglycemia and outcomes of COVID-19. It is with this aim that we have performed this hospital-based study in Cameroon.
Methods: we conducted a retrospective study of moderate to severe COVID-19 patients admitted to the quarantine ward of the Douala General Hospital between March 2020 and March 2022. Only files with admission fasting blood sugar (FBS) taken within 24-48h were reviewed. The following data were collected: demographics, clinical data [symptoms, FBS on admission, past medical history (including diabetes mellitus, hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors, malignancies, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), outcomes (including length of hospital stay, oxygen therapy, invasive/noninvasive ventilation, noradrenaline administration, Glasgow coma score - GCS, and in-hospital mortality)]. A p-Value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: we included 331 patients (169 women) with mean age of 61.69±15.03 years [18-92]. Hyperglycemia on admission was found in 103 patients (21.64%), of whom 79 (76.70%) had diabetes. The commonest comorbidities were hypertension (56%) and diabetes (39%). Hypoxemia was the most commonest in-hospital complication (15%) and was more frequent in hyperglycemic patients (21% vs. 11%; p=0.018). The mortality rate was 36% and was higher in the group of patients with hyperglycemia (47% vs. 31%; p=0.005). In multivariable analysis; hypertension, GCS < 13, hypoxemia, and invasive ventilation were independently associated with death in patients with COVID-19 and hyperglycemia at admission.
Conclusion: two out of 10 moderate to severe COVID-19 patients had hyperglycemia on admission, with or without diabetes mellitus. Oxygen therapy and mortality were higher in these patients with hyperglycemia. Hypertension, hypoxemia, and invasive ventilation were predictive factors of mortality in patients with COVID-19 and hyperglycemia.
Hyperglycaemia is associated with COVID-19 poor outcome even without diabetes: a retrospective cohort study in Douala General Hospital, Cameroon
Fernando Kemta Lekpa1,2,&, Ingrid Angeline Leila Avezo’o Libon3, Charles Lebon Mbele Onana1, Bertrand Hugo Mbatchou Ngahane1, Marie Patrice Halle1, Siméon Pierre Choukem1,2,3
1Internal Medicine Department, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon, 2Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon, 3Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Cameroon
&Corresponding author
Introduction: Hyperglycemia in diabetic patients or not has been associated with poorer Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. Few studies have been done in sub-Saharan Africa to ascertain the prevalence and association between hyperglycemia and outcomes of COVID-19. It is with this aim that we have performed this hospital-based study in Cameroon.
Methods: we conducted a retrospective study of moderate to severe COVID-19 patients admitted to the quarantine ward of the Douala General Hospital between March 2020 and March 2022. Only files with admission fasting blood sugar (FBS) taken within 24-48h were reviewed. The following data were collected: demographics, clinical data [symptoms, FBS on admission, past medical history (including diabetes mellitus, hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors, malignancies, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), outcomes (including length of hospital stay, oxygen therapy, invasive/noninvasive ventilation, noradrenaline administration, Glasgow coma score - GCS, and in-hospital mortality)]. A p-Value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: we included 331 patients (169 women) with mean age of 61.69±15.03 years [18-92]. Hyperglycemia on admission was found in 103 patients (21.64%), of whom 79 (76.70%) had diabetes. The commonest comorbidities were hypertension (56%) and diabetes (39%). Hypoxemia was the most commonest in-hospital complication (15%) and was more frequent in hyperglycemic patients (21% vs. 11%; p=0.018). The mortality rate was 36% and was higher in the group of patients with hyperglycemia (47% vs. 31%; p=0.005). In multivariable analysis; hypertension, GCS < 13, hypoxemia, and invasive ventilation were independently associated with death in patients with COVID-19 and hyperglycemia at admission.
Conclusion: two out of 10 moderate to severe COVID-19 patients had hyperglycemia on admission, with or without diabetes mellitus. Oxygen therapy and mortality were higher in these patients with hyperglycemia. Hypertension, hypoxemia, and invasive ventilation were predictive factors of mortality in patients with COVID-19 and hyperglycemia.
