Conference abstract
Epidemiological profile of patients admitted in a referral cardiology unit in sub-Saharan Africa
Pan African Medical Journal - Conference Proceedings. 2023:17(47).04
Jun 2023.
doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2023.17.47.1896
Archived on: 04 Jun 2023
Contact the corresponding author
Keywords: Cardiovascular disease, prevalence, outcome, Douala Laquintinie Hospital
Oral presentation
Epidemiological profile of patients admitted in a referral cardiology unit in sub-Saharan Africa
Ndom Marie Solange1,2,&, Djibrilla Siddikatou1,3, Mouliom Siddick2,4, Nkoke Clovis3, Endale Laurent Mireille1,3, Ndom Ferdinand2,4, Andong Anne1, Tchako Danielle1, Djoumou Armel1, Mandje Grégoire1, Kotta Sylvia1, Dzudie Anastase4,5, Kamdem Félicité2,4, Bonny Aimé2, Ngatchou William2,4, Essomba Noël1,2
1Hôpital Laquintinie de Douala, Douala, Cameroun, 2Faculté de médecine et des Sciences Pharmaceutiques de Douala, Douala, Cameroun, 3Faculté de médecine de Buea, Buea, Cameroun, 4Hôpital Général de Douala, Douala, Cameroun, 5Faculté de médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
&Corresponding author
Introduction: according to WHO, 17.9 million people die from cardiovascular diseases each year, this being an estimated 32% of all deaths worldwide, making it the leading cause of death. CVDs are also a main cause of disability and decreased DALYs and studying this will help to implement existing measure to reduce these diseases. There is an epidemiological transition with an increase in non-communicable diseases in Africa. Developing countries face a double challenge: the emergency of non-communicable diseases and the persistence of infectious diseases which can equally be interconnected. The goal of this study was to describe the epidemiological and evolutional profiles of hospitalized patients and to determine the associated factors.
Methods: a descriptive transversal retrospective study of admitted patients from February 2021 to February 2022 was done. All files were included. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Results: a total of 233 files were reviewed and all were included in the study. The mean age was 57.60±16.63 years, with 51.9% being females. The main risks factors found in the past medical history were: hypertension (52%), obesity 38.6%, diabetes 14%, smoking 12,8%, menopause 90.2%: Heart failure (24.5%), and Cardiomyopathy (CMP) (16.3%). The main presenting complaints at admission were fatigue (30.9%) and dyspnoea (21.9%). Almost all the patients (96.9%) were received first at the emergency unit and later transferred to our unit. The main diagnoses were; decompensating CMP (18.5%), relative hypertensive emergency (10.3%), decompensating Left heart failure (7.3%) and ischaemic stroke (6.9%). The mean left ventricular Ejection fraction was 40.73±15.96%. Low LVEF (<40%) was found in 53.8% of participants, moderately low (40-50%) was found in 15.4%, and normal EF (→50%) in 30.8%. Factors associated with lower Ejection fractions were hypertension (p <0.001), Heart failure (p=0.02), menopause (p<0.001), and CMP (p=0.045). The mean (SD) of hospitalization was 7.41±5.84 days, a death rate of 8.2%, and being hypertensive was statistically significantly associated with in-patient mortality (p <0.001).
Conclusion: hypertension remains a major cause of cardiovascular disease hospitalisation. Implantation of preventive measures and education of the population of adherence to care is crucial in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with CVDs and definitely in proving on quality of life (DALYs).
Epidemiological profile of patients admitted in a referral cardiology unit in sub-Saharan Africa
Ndom Marie Solange1,2,&, Djibrilla Siddikatou1,3, Mouliom Siddick2,4, Nkoke Clovis3, Endale Laurent Mireille1,3, Ndom Ferdinand2,4, Andong Anne1, Tchako Danielle1, Djoumou Armel1, Mandje Grégoire1, Kotta Sylvia1, Dzudie Anastase4,5, Kamdem Félicité2,4, Bonny Aimé2, Ngatchou William2,4, Essomba Noël1,2
1Hôpital Laquintinie de Douala, Douala, Cameroun, 2Faculté de médecine et des Sciences Pharmaceutiques de Douala, Douala, Cameroun, 3Faculté de médecine de Buea, Buea, Cameroun, 4Hôpital Général de Douala, Douala, Cameroun, 5Faculté de médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
&Corresponding author
Introduction: according to WHO, 17.9 million people die from cardiovascular diseases each year, this being an estimated 32% of all deaths worldwide, making it the leading cause of death. CVDs are also a main cause of disability and decreased DALYs and studying this will help to implement existing measure to reduce these diseases. There is an epidemiological transition with an increase in non-communicable diseases in Africa. Developing countries face a double challenge: the emergency of non-communicable diseases and the persistence of infectious diseases which can equally be interconnected. The goal of this study was to describe the epidemiological and evolutional profiles of hospitalized patients and to determine the associated factors.
Methods: a descriptive transversal retrospective study of admitted patients from February 2021 to February 2022 was done. All files were included. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Results: a total of 233 files were reviewed and all were included in the study. The mean age was 57.60±16.63 years, with 51.9% being females. The main risks factors found in the past medical history were: hypertension (52%), obesity 38.6%, diabetes 14%, smoking 12,8%, menopause 90.2%: Heart failure (24.5%), and Cardiomyopathy (CMP) (16.3%). The main presenting complaints at admission were fatigue (30.9%) and dyspnoea (21.9%). Almost all the patients (96.9%) were received first at the emergency unit and later transferred to our unit. The main diagnoses were; decompensating CMP (18.5%), relative hypertensive emergency (10.3%), decompensating Left heart failure (7.3%) and ischaemic stroke (6.9%). The mean left ventricular Ejection fraction was 40.73±15.96%. Low LVEF (<40%) was found in 53.8% of participants, moderately low (40-50%) was found in 15.4%, and normal EF (→50%) in 30.8%. Factors associated with lower Ejection fractions were hypertension (p <0.001), Heart failure (p=0.02), menopause (p<0.001), and CMP (p=0.045). The mean (SD) of hospitalization was 7.41±5.84 days, a death rate of 8.2%, and being hypertensive was statistically significantly associated with in-patient mortality (p <0.001).
Conclusion: hypertension remains a major cause of cardiovascular disease hospitalisation. Implantation of preventive measures and education of the population of adherence to care is crucial in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with CVDs and definitely in proving on quality of life (DALYs).
