Conference abstract
Antimicrobial resistance genes and antimicrobial residues as potential contaminants of surface waters in Cameroon
Pan African Medical Journal - Conference Proceedings. 2023:18(166).03
Oct 2023.
doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2023.18.166.2284
Archived on: 03 Oct 2023
Contact the corresponding author
Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial residues, surface water
Oral presentation
Antimicrobial resistance genes and antimicrobial residues as potential contaminants of surface waters in Cameroon
Megueya Armelle Leslie Karel1,2,&, Nzouankeu Ariane2
1University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon, 2Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroun
&Corresponding author
Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), is a worldwide public health issue mediated by the misuse of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine, which end up in the environment. In Cameroon, surface waters receive untreated sewages, and are used by the population for different anthropogenic activities that can promote the spread of AMR. This study aims at evaluating the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance genes and antimicrobial residues, as contaminants of surface water in Cameroon.
Methods: during 6 months, water samples were collected from two rivers in Yaounde and screened for the presence of ESBL and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae on selective culture media. AMR patterns were determined according to CASFM guidelines, and Next Generation Sequencing was performed to screen for ARGs in the isolates. The diversity of the bacterial community was investigated through partial sequencing of 16S rRNA, and a panel of 05 ARs were screened by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in the water samples; the risk quotient of bacterial resistance selection was evaluated.
Results: among the 18 E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, plasmid-mediated B-lactamase enzymes were the most frequent ARGs (100%): blaCTX-M15, blaTEM-1B, blaOXA-1, blaNDM-5, followed by sulfonamides (44,4%): sul1 and trimethoprim (38,8%): Oqx, encoding a high risk of transmission to humans. A high diversity of bacterial community was registered in the samples with a predominance of Proteobacteria phylum (wide variety of pathogens including E. coli and K. pneumoniae). Only residues of azithromycin and levofloxacin were detected in the water samples, at concentrations posing a high risk of promoting resistance for the bacteria in these waters in the case of azithromycin.
Conclusion: our findings suggest that surface waters fulfill all conditions to serve as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance in Cameroon.
Antimicrobial resistance genes and antimicrobial residues as potential contaminants of surface waters in Cameroon
Megueya Armelle Leslie Karel1,2,&, Nzouankeu Ariane2
1University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon, 2Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroun
&Corresponding author
Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), is a worldwide public health issue mediated by the misuse of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine, which end up in the environment. In Cameroon, surface waters receive untreated sewages, and are used by the population for different anthropogenic activities that can promote the spread of AMR. This study aims at evaluating the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance genes and antimicrobial residues, as contaminants of surface water in Cameroon.
Methods: during 6 months, water samples were collected from two rivers in Yaounde and screened for the presence of ESBL and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae on selective culture media. AMR patterns were determined according to CASFM guidelines, and Next Generation Sequencing was performed to screen for ARGs in the isolates. The diversity of the bacterial community was investigated through partial sequencing of 16S rRNA, and a panel of 05 ARs were screened by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in the water samples; the risk quotient of bacterial resistance selection was evaluated.
Results: among the 18 E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, plasmid-mediated B-lactamase enzymes were the most frequent ARGs (100%): blaCTX-M15, blaTEM-1B, blaOXA-1, blaNDM-5, followed by sulfonamides (44,4%): sul1 and trimethoprim (38,8%): Oqx, encoding a high risk of transmission to humans. A high diversity of bacterial community was registered in the samples with a predominance of Proteobacteria phylum (wide variety of pathogens including E. coli and K. pneumoniae). Only residues of azithromycin and levofloxacin were detected in the water samples, at concentrations posing a high risk of promoting resistance for the bacteria in these waters in the case of azithromycin.
Conclusion: our findings suggest that surface waters fulfill all conditions to serve as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance in Cameroon.
