Conference abstract
Risk factors of masked hypertension among type 2 diabetic patients in Yaoundé
Pan African Medical Journal - Conference Proceedings. 2024:22(21).25
Nov 2024.
doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2024.22.21.2541
Archived on: 25 Nov 2024
Contact the corresponding author
Keywords: Masked hypertension, type 2 diabetes, Yaoundé
Oral presentation
Risk factors of masked hypertension among type 2 diabetic patients in Yaoundé
Ngongang Ouankou Christian1,&, Alain CET1, Allambademel BA1, Simeni NSR1, Choukem SP
1Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Dschang (UDs), Dschang, Cameroun
&Corresponding author
Introduction: masked arterial hypertension is defined as normal blood pressure in a medical context, elevated during measurements outside the medical office (ambulatory measurement or self-measurement at home). It is common in people living with cardiovascular risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to determine the risk factors of masked hypertension among type 2 diabetic patients.
Methods: we carried out a case-control study in the endocrinology departments of 3 reference hospitals in Yaoundé. Masked hypertension was defined according to the ESH/AHA thresholds, namely an average SBP over 24 hours greater than or equal to 130 mmHg and/or an average DBP over 24 hours greater than or equal to 80 mmHg with normal blood pressure at office <140/90 mmHg. The risk factors were determined using logistic regression.
Results: we recruited 101 normotensive type 2 diabetic patients. The mean age (± SD) was 57 (± 12) years and sex ratio (M/F) = 1.08. The mean (±SD) duration of diabetes was 94 (±55) months. Mean clinical blood pressure measurements were 124 ± 10.7 mmHg and 77.5 ± 8.1 mmHg for SBP and DBP, respectively. During 24-hour ambulatory measurement, the mean was 120 ± 13.4/74.7 ± 8.4 mmHg for SBP/DBP, respectively. The mean (± SD) morning surge was 42 ± 26 mmHg. The mean (± SD) heart rate was 97 ± 18 bpm. The mean pulse pressure was 49 ± 15 mmHg. The non-dipper profile was a concern for 64% of our sample. The prevalence of masked hypertension in our sample was 37.6%. Masked hypertension was significantly associated with high normal blood pressure (OR = 1.048; p = 0.0457), increased waist/hip ratio (OR = 1.09; p = 0.038), hyperuricemia (OR = 1.89; P = 0.04), obesity (OR = 1.63; P = 0.03), diabetes lasting at least 120 months or 10 years (OR = 1.07; P = 0.048) but not male gender, sedentary lifestyle, tobacco and alcohol.
Conclusion: masked hypertension is a hypertension phenotype that should be sought in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients who have one or more of the following characteristics: high normal blood pressure, high waist-to-hip ratio, hyperuricemia, obesity, diabetes whose duration is greater than or equal to 10 years, and hyperuricemia.
Risk factors of masked hypertension among type 2 diabetic patients in Yaoundé
Ngongang Ouankou Christian1,&, Alain CET1, Allambademel BA1, Simeni NSR1, Choukem SP
1Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Dschang (UDs), Dschang, Cameroun
&Corresponding author
Introduction: masked arterial hypertension is defined as normal blood pressure in a medical context, elevated during measurements outside the medical office (ambulatory measurement or self-measurement at home). It is common in people living with cardiovascular risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to determine the risk factors of masked hypertension among type 2 diabetic patients.
Methods: we carried out a case-control study in the endocrinology departments of 3 reference hospitals in Yaoundé. Masked hypertension was defined according to the ESH/AHA thresholds, namely an average SBP over 24 hours greater than or equal to 130 mmHg and/or an average DBP over 24 hours greater than or equal to 80 mmHg with normal blood pressure at office <140/90 mmHg. The risk factors were determined using logistic regression.
Results: we recruited 101 normotensive type 2 diabetic patients. The mean age (± SD) was 57 (± 12) years and sex ratio (M/F) = 1.08. The mean (±SD) duration of diabetes was 94 (±55) months. Mean clinical blood pressure measurements were 124 ± 10.7 mmHg and 77.5 ± 8.1 mmHg for SBP and DBP, respectively. During 24-hour ambulatory measurement, the mean was 120 ± 13.4/74.7 ± 8.4 mmHg for SBP/DBP, respectively. The mean (± SD) morning surge was 42 ± 26 mmHg. The mean (± SD) heart rate was 97 ± 18 bpm. The mean pulse pressure was 49 ± 15 mmHg. The non-dipper profile was a concern for 64% of our sample. The prevalence of masked hypertension in our sample was 37.6%. Masked hypertension was significantly associated with high normal blood pressure (OR = 1.048; p = 0.0457), increased waist/hip ratio (OR = 1.09; p = 0.038), hyperuricemia (OR = 1.89; P = 0.04), obesity (OR = 1.63; P = 0.03), diabetes lasting at least 120 months or 10 years (OR = 1.07; P = 0.048) but not male gender, sedentary lifestyle, tobacco and alcohol.
Conclusion: masked hypertension is a hypertension phenotype that should be sought in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients who have one or more of the following characteristics: high normal blood pressure, high waist-to-hip ratio, hyperuricemia, obesity, diabetes whose duration is greater than or equal to 10 years, and hyperuricemia.
