Conference abstract
Seroprevalence and incidence of infections transmitted by blood transfusion among blood donors from different countries around the world: a literature review
Pan African Medical Journal - Conference Proceedings. 2024:23(57).26
Nov 2024.
doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2024.23.57.2818
Archived on: 26 Nov 2024
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Keywords: Seroprevalence and incidence, blood safety, blood transfusion
Poster
Seroprevalence and incidence of infections transmitted by blood transfusion among blood donors from different countries around the world: a literature review
Caryl Caleb Youmbi Menougong1,&, Mbanya D2,3, Kimessoukie Omolomo E1
1Université Catholique d´Afrique centrale, Yaoundé, Cameroun, 2Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine, Yaoundé, Cameroun, 3Université de Yaoundé I, Faculté de Médecine et de Sciences Biomédicales, Yaoundé, Cameroun
&Corresponding author
Introduction: blood transfusion is an act that saves human lives, through compatible and secure blood donations from a donor to a recipient. There was an increase in the demand for blood worldwide between 2008 and 2018, amounting to 10.7 million blood donations, from voluntary non-remunerated donors. This transfused blood is capable of transmitting infections, such as hepatitis B, C, and HIV viruses, from one individual to another. The act of transfusion comes up against the problem of transmitting infections from the donor to the recipient, which is why the World Health Organization recommends that donors be selected. This literature review aims to determine the seroprevalence and incidence of infections transmissible by blood transfusion in health facilities at the peripheral level in Cameroon.
Methods: the results obtained during this study come from databases (Hinari, Pubmed, and Google Scholar). The articles were selected for ten years, that is to say from 2012 to 2022. The thematic analysis was done based on 21 articles selected from the databases.
Results: it shows that HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis are pathogens sometimes found in blood products. Other pathogens equally dangerous to human health are also found, such as dengue virus, hepatitis E, and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2). This literature review also shows that blood collected from old and new donors does not always have the same characteristics. New donors show higher trends (prevalences and incidences) than new donors. Incidence measurement is important for monitoring and maintaining the safety of the blood supply. However, it has also been observed that centrifugation of samples at high speed can reduce the rate of false positives for HBs antigen, which is why good professional practices must be adopted in blood banks. In another setting, the test positivity rate decreased when considering results confirmed by nucleic acid amplification testing.
Conclusion: for this, each government should facilitate the implementation of this test, and set an affordable price, so that patients can benefit from it. These various measures must also be closely monitored, because the lack of application of the principles of blood safety remains a public health problem in Africa, due to the supply of unsafe blood, which has considerable impacts in terms of mortality and morbidity.
Seroprevalence and incidence of infections transmitted by blood transfusion among blood donors from different countries around the world: a literature review
Caryl Caleb Youmbi Menougong1,&, Mbanya D2,3, Kimessoukie Omolomo E1
1Université Catholique d´Afrique centrale, Yaoundé, Cameroun, 2Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine, Yaoundé, Cameroun, 3Université de Yaoundé I, Faculté de Médecine et de Sciences Biomédicales, Yaoundé, Cameroun
&Corresponding author
Introduction: blood transfusion is an act that saves human lives, through compatible and secure blood donations from a donor to a recipient. There was an increase in the demand for blood worldwide between 2008 and 2018, amounting to 10.7 million blood donations, from voluntary non-remunerated donors. This transfused blood is capable of transmitting infections, such as hepatitis B, C, and HIV viruses, from one individual to another. The act of transfusion comes up against the problem of transmitting infections from the donor to the recipient, which is why the World Health Organization recommends that donors be selected. This literature review aims to determine the seroprevalence and incidence of infections transmissible by blood transfusion in health facilities at the peripheral level in Cameroon.
Methods: the results obtained during this study come from databases (Hinari, Pubmed, and Google Scholar). The articles were selected for ten years, that is to say from 2012 to 2022. The thematic analysis was done based on 21 articles selected from the databases.
Results: it shows that HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis are pathogens sometimes found in blood products. Other pathogens equally dangerous to human health are also found, such as dengue virus, hepatitis E, and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2). This literature review also shows that blood collected from old and new donors does not always have the same characteristics. New donors show higher trends (prevalences and incidences) than new donors. Incidence measurement is important for monitoring and maintaining the safety of the blood supply. However, it has also been observed that centrifugation of samples at high speed can reduce the rate of false positives for HBs antigen, which is why good professional practices must be adopted in blood banks. In another setting, the test positivity rate decreased when considering results confirmed by nucleic acid amplification testing.
Conclusion: for this, each government should facilitate the implementation of this test, and set an affordable price, so that patients can benefit from it. These various measures must also be closely monitored, because the lack of application of the principles of blood safety remains a public health problem in Africa, due to the supply of unsafe blood, which has considerable impacts in terms of mortality and morbidity.
